THE PRINCIPLE OF LOVE & DESIRE: Loving Those Who Have Enmity Towards Allah Negates al-Muhabbah
لَا تَجِدُ قَوۡمًا یُّؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِاللّٰهِ وَ الۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ یُوَآدُّوۡنَ مَنۡ حَآدَّ اللّٰهَ وَ رَسُوۡلَهٗ وَ لَوۡ کَانُوۡۤا اٰبَآءَهُمۡ اَوۡ اَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ اَوۡ اِخۡوَانَهُمۡ اَوۡ عَشِیۡرَتَهُمۡ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ کَتَبَ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِهِمُ الۡاِیۡمَانَ وَ اَیَّدَهُمۡ بِرُوۡحٍ مِّنۡهُ ؕ وَ یُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنّٰتٍ تَجۡرِیۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِهَا الۡاَنۡهٰرُ خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡهَا ؕ رَضِیَ اللّٰهُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَ رَضُوۡا عَنۡهُ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ حِزۡبُ اللّٰهِ ؕ اَلَاۤ اِنَّ حِزۡبَ اللّٰهِ هُمُ الۡمُفۡلِحُوۡنَ ﴿۲۲
You (O Muhammad) will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their kindred (people). For such, He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with rüh (proofs, light, and true guidance) from Himself. And We will admit them to Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow, to dwell therein (forever). Allah is pleased with them, and they with Him. They are the party of Allah. Verily, it is the party of Allah that will be the successful.
[Surah al-Mujadilah 58:22]
So He informs us that the believer must love Allah and His Messenger more than anyone or anything else, as is reported in the agreed upon hadith:
فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ وَالِدِهِوَوَلَدِهِ والناس أجمعين.
And the believer does not love those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, because this involves joining two things that are mutually exclusive. Loving Allah and loving those who have enmity towards Him cannot be present in the same person.
If a person who loves Allah also loves those who oppose Him, then that means he loves their objectives which are in opposition to Allah, and that is forbidden. This is why it is not correct for the slave to love anyone more than Allah and His Messenger, and one cannot be a believer except by fulfilling that. Therefore, there is no allegiance to Allah without disavowal of those who oppose and have enmity for Allah and His Messenger.
As for the believers who fight one another, they are not complete enemies because each one of them possesses a portion of iman that the other loves, even if he also hates him; so in this case, each one feels both love and hate for the other. Likewise, all of their actions will not necessarily be in accordance with the actions of one who loves Allah, and all of the actions of the other faction will not be in accordance with someone who hates Allah. In fact, both parties will always do acts that are not pleasing to Allah, even if He does not hate him, and the other party must do acts that are pleasing to Allah, since he is a believer. Therefore, each one must be given love in accordance to their iman. And one should not love any actions from a believer that Allah does not love, even if Allah does not hate the believer. In fact, one should not love any mistakes or forgiven sins, even if the believer is not hated for those actions, because one should only love what Allah and His Messenger love. Rather, one should love the righteous deeds that the believers strive to do.
This is something that a person will experience from themselves: that when you love something, you don't love the opposite of it; in fact, you hate it. It is not conceivable that a person can combine two complete and mutually exclusive emotions, but it is possible for there to be in the heart a portion of love and desire for something and a portion of love and desire for its opposite. Actually, this is very common among mankind, but neither love nor hate can be complete love or hate.
And this is how we may understand the Prophet's saying:
لا يَزْنِي الزَّانِي حِينَ يَزْنِي وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلَا يَسْرِقُ السَارِقَ حِينَ يَسْرِقُ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَلاَ يَشْرَبُ الخَمرَ حِينَ يَشْرَبُهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ.
The one who fornicates is not a believer at the time of fornicating and a thief is not a believer at the time of committing theft and a drinker of alcohol is not a believer at the time of drinking.'
Therefore, if a person's hate for what Allah hates was complete hate, then he would never commit such an action. If he does do it, then it is either because his belief that Allah hates this thing is weak, or the hatred itself is weak; both of these prevent complete imán, which is obligatory. Reported by al-Bukhari (3/132).
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