THE PRINCIPLE OF LOVE & DESIRE: The Basis of Worship is Love || The Basis of Shirk is Loving instinct
The basis of worship is love, and the basis of shirk is loving others alongside Allah, as Allah mentioned in the story of Ibrahim, the leader of the monotheists and the Beloved Friend:
قَالَ اَفَرَءَیۡتُمۡ مَّا کُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡبُدُوۡنَ ﴿ۙ۷۵ اَنۡتُمۡ وَ اٰبَآؤُکُمُ الۡاَقۡدَمُوۡنَ ﴿۫ۖ۷۶ فَاِنَّهُمۡ عَدُوٌّ لِّیۡۤ اِلَّا رَبَّ الۡعٰلَمِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۷۷
He said, "Then do you see what you have been worshiping, you and your ancient fathers? Verily! They are enemies to me, except the Lord of the 'alamin (mankind, jinn, and all that exists)." [Surah ash-Shu'ara' 26:75-77]
Allah, the Most High, said:
قَدۡ کَانَتۡ لَکُمۡ اُسۡوَۃٌ حَسَنَۃٌ فِیۡۤ اِبۡرٰهِیۡمَ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ مَعَهٗ ۚ اِذۡ قَالُوۡا لِقَوۡمِهِمۡ اِنَّا بُرَءٰٓؤُا مِنۡکُمۡ وَ مِمَّا تَعۡبُدُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰهِ ۫ کَفَرۡنَا بِکُمۡ وَ بَدَا بَیۡنَنَا وَ بَیۡنَکُمُ الۡعَدَاوَۃُ وَ الۡبَغۡضَآءُ اَبَدًا حَتّٰی تُؤۡمِنُوۡا بِاللّٰهِ وَحۡدَهٗۤ اِلَّا قَوۡلَ اِبۡرٰهِیۡمَ لِاَبِیۡهِ لَاَسۡتَغۡفِرَنَّ لَکَ وَ مَاۤ اَمۡلِکُ لَکَ مِنَ اللّٰهِ مِنۡ شَیۡءٍ ؕ رَبَّنَا عَلَیۡکَ تَوَکَّلۡنَا وَ اِلَیۡکَ اَنَبۡنَا وَ اِلَیۡکَ الۡمَصِیۡرُ ﴿۴
Indeed, there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him, when they said to their people: "Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allah; we have rejected you, and there has started between us and you hostility and hatred forever, until you believe in Allah alone." [Surah al-Mumtahinah 60:4]
Allah's saying will make this point clear:
وَ قٰتِلُوۡهُمۡ حَتّٰی لَا تَکُوۡنَ فِتۡنَۃٌ وَّ یَکُوۡنَ الدِّیۡنُ لِلّٰهِ ؕ فَاِنِ انۡتَهَوۡا فَلَا عُدۡوَانَ اِلَّا عَلَی الظّٰلِمِیۡنَ ﴿۱۹۳
And fight them until there is no more fitnah (disbe- lief and worshiping of others along with Allah) and (all and every kind of) worship is for Allah (alone). But if they cease, let there be no transgression except against the oppressors. [Surah al-Baqarah 2:193]
And He, the Most High, said:
وَ قَاتِلُوۡهُمۡ حَتّٰی لَا تَکُوۡنَ فِتۡنَۃٌ وَّ یَکُوۡنَ الدِّیۡنُ کُلُّهٗ لِلّٰهِ ۚ فَاِنِ انۡتَهَوۡا فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِمَا یَعۡمَلُوۡنَ بَصِیۡرٌ ﴿۳۹
And fight them until there is no more fitnah and the religion (worship) will all be for Allah alone. But if they cease, then certainly, Allah is All-Seer of what they do. [Surah al-Anfal 8:39]
Allah commanded them to fight until there was no more fitnah and all worship is for Allah, so He made the objective eradication of fitnah and the existence of all worship being for Allah. Hence, the existence of fitnah negates the worship being for Allah (alone), and the existence of all worship being for Allah negates the existence of fitnah.
Fitnah is a category that includes doubts, desires, and the fitnah of those who take partners alongside Alläh and love them as they love Allah, and this is the worst type of fitnah. Another form of fitnah is the fitnah of the people of the calf, as Allah, the Most High, said:
قَالَ فَإِنَّا قَدْ فَتَنَّا قَوْمَكَ مِن بَعْدِكَ وَأَضَلَّهُمُ السَّامِرِيُّ )
(Allah) said, "Verily! We have tried your people in your absence, and as-Samiri (19) has led them astray." [Surah Tä-Hä 20:85]
إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا فِتَنكَ تُضِلُّ بِهَا مَن تَشَاءُ وَتَهْدِي مَن
تَشَاءُ )
It is only Your trial by which You lead astray whom You will, and keep guided whom You will. [Surah al-A'raf 7:155]
And He, the Most High, said:
وَ اِذۡ اَخَذۡنَا مِیۡثَاقَکُمۡ وَ رَفَعۡنَا فَوۡقَکُمُ الطُّوۡرَ ؕ خُذُوۡا مَاۤ اٰتَیۡنٰکُمۡ بِقُوَّۃٍ وَّ اسۡمَعُوۡا ؕ قَالُوۡا سَمِعۡنَا وَ عَصَیۡنَا ٭ وَ اُشۡرِبُوۡا فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِهِمُ الۡعِجۡلَ بِکُفۡرِهِمۡ ؕ قُلۡ بِئۡسَمَا یَاۡمُرُکُمۡ بِهٖۤ اِیۡمَانُکُمۡ اِنۡ کُنۡتُمۡ مُّؤۡمِنِیۡنَ ﴿۹۳
And their hearts absorbed (the worship of) the calf because of their disbelief. [Surah al-Baqarah 2:93]
And He, the Most High, said:
وَ قَاتِلُوۡهُمۡ حَتّٰی لَا تَکُوۡنَ فِتۡنَۃٌ وَّ یَکُوۡنَ الدِّیۡنُ کُلُّهٗ لِلّٰهِ ۚ فَاِنِ انۡتَهَوۡا فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِمَا یَعۡمَلُوۡنَ بَصِیۡرٌ ﴿۳۹
And fight them until there is no more fitnah and the religion (worship) will all be for Allah alone. But if they cease, then certainly, Allah is All-Seer of what they do. [Surah al-Anfal 8:39]
Allah commanded them to fight until there was no more fitnah and all worship is for Allah, so He made the objective eradication of fitnah and the existence of all worship being for Allah. Hence, the existence of fitnah negates the worship being for Allah (alone), and the existence of all worship being for Allah negates the existence of fitnah.
Fitnah is a category that includes doubts, desires, and the fitnah of those who take partners alongside Allah and love them as they love Allah, and this is the worst type of fitnah. Another form of fitnah is the fitnah of the people of the calf, as Allah, the Most High, said:
قَالَ فَاِنَّا قَدۡ فَتَنَّا قَوۡمَکَ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِکَ وَ اَضَلَّهُمُ السَّامِرِیُّ ﴿۸۵
(Allah) said, "Verily! We have tried your people in your absence, and as-Samiri1 has led them astray." [Surah Ta-Ha 20:85]
ۚ اِنۡ هِیَ اِلَّا فِتۡنَتُکَ ؕ تُضِلُّ بِهَا مَنۡ تَشَآءُ
It is only Your trial by which You lead astray whom You will, and keep guided whom You will. [Surah al-A'raf 7:155]
And He, the Most High, said:
وَ اُشۡرِبُوۡا فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِهِمُ الۡعِجۡلَ بِکُفۡرِهِمۡ
And their hearts absorbed (the worship of) the calf because of their disbelief. [Surah al-Baqarah 2:93]
It was said to Sufyan bin 'Uyaynah: "Indeed, the people of desires love the things they innovate into the religion with their desires with an extreme love." He replied, "Did you forget Allah's saying: And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allah as rivals (to Allah). They love them as they love Allah. '[Surah al-Baqa- rah 2:165]. And His saying: 'And their hearts absorbed (the worship of the calf because of their disbelief." [Surah al-Baqarah 2:93]. And indeed, everything that is loved besides Allah becomes a fitnah preventing the religion from being for Allah alone."
Obsession (ishq) for tangible things is one of the greatest fitan. Indeed He, the Most High, said:
اِنَّمَاۤ اَمۡوَالُکُمۡ وَ اَوۡلَادُکُمۡ فِتۡنَۃٌ ؕ وَ اللّٰهُ عِنۡدَهٗۤ اَجۡرٌ عَظِیۡمٌ ﴿۱۵
Your wealth and your children are only a trial, whereas Allah! With Him is a great reward (Paradise). [Surah at-Taghabun 64:15]
And because of this, He, the Most High, said:
قُلۡ اِنۡ کَانَ اٰبَآؤُکُمۡ وَ اَبۡنَآؤُکُمۡ وَ اِخۡوَانُکُمۡ وَ اَزۡوَاجُکُمۡ وَ عَشِیۡرَتُکُمۡ وَ اَمۡوَالُۨ اقۡتَرَفۡتُمُوۡهَا وَ تِجَارَۃٌ تَخۡشَوۡنَ کَسَادَهَا وَ مَسٰکِنُ تَرۡضَوۡنَهَاۤ اَحَبَّ اِلَیۡکُمۡ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ وَ رَسُوۡلِهٖ وَ جِهَادٍ فِیۡ سَبِیۡلِهٖ فَتَرَبَّصُوۡا حَتّٰی یَاۡتِیَ اللّٰهُ بِاَمۡرِهٖ ؕ وَ اللّٰهُ لَا یَهۡدِی الۡقَوۡمَ الۡفٰسِقِیۡنَ ﴿۲۴
Say: “If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striv- ing hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His decision (torment)." [Surah at-Tawbah 9:24]
And He, the Exalted, said:
الٓـمّٓ ۚ﴿۱ اَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ اَنۡ یُّتۡرَکُوۡۤا اَنۡ یَّقُوۡلُوۡۤا اٰمَنَّا وَ هُمۡ لَا یُفۡتَنُوۡنَ ﴿۲ وَ لَقَدۡ فَتَنَّا الَّذِیۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِهِمۡ فَلَیَعۡلَمَنَّ اللّٰهُ الَّذِیۡنَ صَدَقُوۡا وَ لَیَعۡلَمَنَّ الۡکٰذِبِیۡنَ ﴿۳
Alif, lam, mim. Do people think that they will be left alone because they say: "We believe" and will not be tested? And We indeed tested those who were before them. And Allah will certainly make it known (the truth of) those who are true, and will certainly make it known (the falsehood of) those who are liars, (although Allah knows all that before putting them to test). [Surah al-'Ankabut 29:1-3]
What further clarifies this is that a man said to the Prophet (ﷺ):
مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ، قَالَ: جَعَلْتَ لِلَّهِ نِدا، مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ.
"Whatever Allah wills and you will." So he said, "Do you think to make me a partner with Allah!? Rather! Whatever Allah alone wills!"20
(19) As-Samiri was the man who made the golden calf for the Israelites to worship while Mûsi was on Mount Sinai.
(20) Reported by Imam Ahmad in Al-Musnad (2/253).
Loving Allah Necessitates Striving for His Cause
Loving Allah necessitates, without a doubt, that one must strive in His cause. Indeed, someone who loves Allah and is loved by Him [must] love what He loves, hate what He hates, take as an ally those who take Allah as their ally, and have enmity for those who have enmity towards Allah. There can be no love unless this is the reality, and the amount of love depends on the strength or weakness of loving and hating for Allah's sake. Indeed, love results in a person drawing near to the things he loves and away from things he dislikes, and when love is accompanied with rejecting the things that the loved one hates, then it is complete love.
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